Checkers Openings: The First Moves

In standard American checkers, the pieces on the board allow exactly 7 possible first moves for the player going first. Each move begins developing the position and sets the tone for the rest of the game.

Checkers uses a numbering system where each dark square has a number from 1 to 32. The first player’s pieces start on squares 1–12.

The 7 Possible First Moves

1. 9-13

A side development that brings a piece toward the center. Solid but less aggressive than other options.

2. 9-14

Develops toward the center-left. Leads to some of the most deeply studied positions in checkers.

3. 10-14

Central development. Part of several popular openings including the Denny and the Kelso Cross.

4. 10-15

Another strong center move. Forms the basis of the Kelso and related openings.

The most popular opening move in competitive checkers. It immediately stakes a claim in the center and leads to the largest body of studied theory. Many of the most famous checkers openings begin with 11-15:

  • Old Faithful: 11-15, 23-19
  • The Cross: 11-15, 23-18
  • Single Corner: 11-15, 22-18

6. 11-16

Another strong center move. Slightly less studied than 11-15 but leads to good positions. Part of the Bristol opening system.

7. 12-16

Edge development — the least popular opening. Moving to the edge limits the piece’s options and doesn’t contest the center as effectively.

Opening Principles

Regardless of which specific moves you play, follow these principles:

1. Contest the Center

The first few moves should direct pieces toward the center of the board. Center pieces have more options and more influence than edge pieces.

2. Develop Evenly

Don’t push pieces on only one side of the board. Aim for balanced development across the board.

3. Maintain the Back Row

Don’t move back row pieces in the opening unless necessary. They protect your king row.

4. Create Bridges

Pieces that support each other diagonally (bridges) create a strong foundation. Develop pieces that work together.

5. Watch for Traps

The forced capture rule means your opponent may try to set traps in the opening. Before each move, check what jumps might become available.

Famous Opening Lines

Old Faithful (11-15, 23-19)

One of the most studied and reliable openings. Both sides develop toward the center and the game typically proceeds with careful maneuvering.

The Cross (11-15, 23-18)

An aggressive response from the second player. The position becomes sharp and tactical early.

The Defiance (11-15, 23-16, 12-19)

A capture opening that leads to early simplification with even material. The resulting position requires precise play from both sides.

Kelso (10-15, 21-17)

A balanced opening that develops the center methodically. Popular at all levels.

How Deep Should You Study?

Beginners: Know the principles (center, back row, bridges). Any of the 7 first moves is fine as long as you follow sound principles.

Intermediate players: Learn the key ideas behind 2-3 openings and their common variations for the first 4-6 moves.

Advanced players: Study the deeply analyzed main lines, understand the middlegame plans that arise from each opening, and know the critical positions that determine whether the opening leads to a win, draw, or loss.